Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes… Many people have heard this word and know that “this disease has something to do with sugar”. Some people are afraid of getting sick, others don't care.

 

What is diabetes, how to live with it and whether it is possible to fight it, said Svetlana Shishkina, chief physician of the Polyclinika.ru medical center.

 

What is diabetes?

 

Diabetes mellitus is a group of endocrine diseases that develop as a result of a deficiency of the hormone insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia - a persistent increase in blood glucose.

 

The disease is characterized by a chronic course and a violation of all types of metabolism: carbohydrate, fat, protein, mineral and water-salt. There are 2 types, each of which requires a separate approach.

 

How do I know if I have diabetes?

 

Naturally, the most accurate diagnostic methods are various blood and urine tests. It is not enough to measure the sugar level once, therefore, if there is suspicion,  the doctor will definitely prescribe a series of studies to the patient that must be completed.

 

What can cause such suspicions? The main symptoms are:

Increased urine output caused by an increase in urine pressure due to glucose dissolved in it (normally, there is no glucose in the urine). It is manifested by frequent profuse urination, including at night.

 

Constant unquenchable thirst - due to significant loss of water in the urine and an increase in the osmotic pressure of the blood.

Constant insatiable hunger. This symptom is caused by a metabolic disorder in diabetes, namely the inability of cells to absorb and process glucose in the absence of insulin (starvation in abundance).

 

Weight loss (especially characteristic of type 1 diabetes) is a common symptom of diabetes that develops despite an increased appetite of patients.

Therefore, if you find these symptoms, consult a doctor immediately!

 

 

What are the types of diabetes?

 

There are a number of classifications of diabetes mellitus according to various criteria. The main types of diabetes include type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

 

Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which the pancreas is unable to produce insulin, which is responsible for the absorption of sugar by the body, the so-called insulin-dependent type. It is usually diagnosed in people under 30 years of age. Such patients are forced to receive insulin artificially (by constant injections).

 

Type 2 diabetes accounts for 85-90% of all cases of diabetes in the adult population and is most common in people over 40 years of age; usually accompanied by obesity . It is especially important for such patients, as well as people who have a family member with diabetes, to control their blood sugar levels.

 

The situation is complicated by the fact that, unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes develops gradually. You can be sick for a long time and not even know about it. Often a person learns about his illness by accident, during examination for a completely different reason.

 

Is there a risk group?

 

Yes, of course she is. Type 1 diabetes is most often inherited. The risk also increases with inflammation of the tissues of the pancreas, after injuries and infections.

 

Those at risk of developing type 2 diabetes are those people whose parents were obese and/or type 2 diabetes.

 

How to calculate if you are at risk of getting diabetes? It is necessary to measure the waist circumference and hip circumference, divide the first figure by the second. If the value obtained is greater than 0.95 for men and 0.85 for women, then you are at risk.

 

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