Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body cannot use the insulin it produces effectively. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. A common consequence of uncontrolled diabetes is hyperglycemia - or elevated levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood - over time, causing severe damage to many body systems, especially the nervous system and blood vessels.

 

In 2014, the incidence of diabetes among adults aged 18 years and over was 8.5%. Diabetes was the direct cause of 1.5 million deaths in 2019, and 48% of all diabetes-related deaths occur in people under 70 years of age. An additional 460,000 deaths were due to diabetes-related kidney disease; in addition, elevated blood glucose is responsible for about 20% of cardiovascular deaths (1) .

 

Between 2000 and 2019, the age-standardized death rate from diabetes increased by 3%. In lower-middle-income countries, the death rate from diabetes has risen by 13%.

 

In contrast, the likelihood of dying from any of the four major noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, or diabetes) between ages 30 and 70 decreased by 22% globally between 2000 and 2019.

 

Symptoms

 

The symptoms of diabetes can come on suddenly. In type 2 diabetes, the symptoms can be mild and it can take many years before they become noticeable.

 

Typical symptoms of diabetes

 

strong thirst;

the need to urinate more often than usual;

blurred vision;

increased fatigue;

unintentional weight loss.

Over time, diabetes can damage the blood vessels in the heart, eyes, and kidneys, as well as the nervous system.

 

People with diabetes are at a higher risk of health problems, including heart attacks, stroke, and kidney failure.

 

Diabetes can lead to permanent loss of vision due to damage to the blood vessels in the eyes.

 

Many people with diabetes develop foot problems due to nerve damage and poor blood flow. As a result, foot ulcers may appear and amputation may be required.

 

Type 1 diabetes

 

In type 1 diabetes (formerly insulin-dependent, juvenile, or childhood), which is characterized by insufficient insulin production, the patient requires daily insulin injections. In 2017, there were 9 million people with type 1 diabetes; most of them lived in high-income countries. Currently, the cause of this type of diabetes is unknown, and preventive measures have not been developed.

 

Type 2 diabetes

 

Key Facts

 

Between 1980 and 2014, the number of people with diabetes increased from 108 million to 422 million. In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of diabetes is growing faster than in high-income countries.

Diabetes is one of the leading causes of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputations.

Between 2000 and 2019, deaths from diabetes increased by 3%.

An estimated 2 million people died from diabetes and diabetes-related kidney disease in 2019.

 

A healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight, and not smoking can all prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.The best way to detect diabetes early is to have regular check-ups and blood tests.

 

 

 

 

 

 

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